The Impacts of Energy Use, Tourism and Foreign Workers on CO 2 Emissions in Malaysia

Arifur Rahman Atiqur Rahman, Mohd Shahidan Shaari, Faiz Masnan and Miguel Angel Esquivias
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Arifur Rahman Atiqur Rahman: Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia
Mohd Shahidan Shaari: Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia
Faiz Masnan: Faculty of Applied and Human Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02660, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 4, 1-14

Abstract: Previous studies have investigated various determinants of CO 2 emissions, such as energy use, economic expansion and population growth. However, foreign workers have not been treated as a potential determinant. Therefore, this research embarks on an investigation into the impacts of energy use, foreign workers and tourist arrivals on CO 2 emissions in Malaysia from 1982 to 2018. An ARDL approach was employed, and the findings showed that natural gas and electricity use insignificantly influence CO 2 emissions. Tourist arrivals, coal use and oil use were found to positively influence CO 2 emissions, while foreign workers and population growth insignificantly influence CO 2 emissions. It was found that in the early stages of development, higher GDP negatively influences CO 2 emissions, but in the final stages, higher GDP positively influences CO 2 emissions. These findings are important for formulating policies to reduce environmental degradation stemming from higher CO 2 emissions. Malaysia should use more renewable energy sources, and a carbon tax could be imposed to reduce environmental degradation.

Keywords: energy use; foreign workers; tourist arrivals; CO 2 emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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