Power Management and Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Photovoltaic, Fuel Cells, and Battery Energy Sources

Naoui Mohamed, Flah Aymen, Abdullah Altamimi, Zafar A. Khan and Sbita Lassaad
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Naoui Mohamed: Processes, Energy, Environment and Electrical Systems (Code: LR18ES34), National Engineering School of Gabès, University of Gabès, Gabès 6072, Tunisia
Flah Aymen: Processes, Energy, Environment and Electrical Systems (Code: LR18ES34), National Engineering School of Gabès, University of Gabès, Gabès 6072, Tunisia
Abdullah Altamimi: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
Zafar A. Khan: Electrical Engineering Department, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
Sbita Lassaad: Processes, Energy, Environment and Electrical Systems (Code: LR18ES34), National Engineering School of Gabès, University of Gabès, Gabès 6072, Tunisia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-20

Abstract: This paper deals with an energy management problem to ensure the best performance of the recharging tools used in electric vehicles. The main objective of this work is to find the optimal condition for controlling a hybrid recharging system by regrouping the photovoltaic cells and fuel cells. The photovoltaic and fuel cell systems were connected in parallel via two converters to feed either a lithium battery bank or the main traction motor. This combination of energy sources resulted in a hybrid recharging system. The mathematical model of the overall recharging system and the designed power management loop was developed, taking into account multiple aspects, including vehicle loading, the stepwise mathematical modelling of each component, and a detailed discussion of the required electronic equipment. Finally, a simplistic management loop was designed and implemented. Multiple case studies were simulated, statistical approaches were used to quantify the contribution of each recharging method, and the benefits of the combination of the two sources were evaluated. The energetic performance of an electric vehicle with the proposed hybrid recharging tool under various conditions, including static and dynamic modes, was simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink tool. The results suggest that despite the additional weight of PV panels, the combination of the PV and FC systems improves the vehicle’s energetic performance and provides a higher charging capacity instead of using an FC alone. A comparison with similar studies revealed that the proposed model has a higher efficiency. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of each solution are discussed to emphasise the significance of the hybrid recharging system.

Keywords: battery; fuel cells; gas emissions; hybrid power system; photovoltaic; power management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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