Improving Anaerobic Digestion of Brewery and Distillery Spent Grains through Aeration across a Silicone Membrane

Zachary P. Berry, John H. Loughrin, Stuart Burris, Eric D. Conte, Nanh C. Lovanh and Karamat R. Sistani
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Zachary P. Berry: Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2413 Nashville Road, Suite B5, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
John H. Loughrin: Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2413 Nashville Road, Suite B5, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
Stuart Burris: Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
Eric D. Conte: Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
Nanh C. Lovanh: Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2413 Nashville Road, Suite B5, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
Karamat R. Sistani: Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 2413 Nashville Road, Suite B5, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-14

Abstract: An increase in the number of independent breweries and distilleries has led to an increase in the amount of spent grains with inadequate means of disposal. One option for disposal is as feedstock for anaerobic digestion if digester stability is ensured. In this study, brewers’ spent grain and distillers’ spent grain were used as substrate for anaerobic digestion for 32 weeks. The digestate was treated by recirculation through a silicone hose located in an external tank filled with saline solution. The hose served as a permeable membrane allowing for the passage of gases. The recirculation tanks were fitted with check valves to maintain three pressure/gas regimes: 26 mm Hg N 2 , 26 mm Hg aeration or 100 mm Hg aeration. A fourth digester was operated with no recirculation as the control. These treatments were chosen to determine if differences in digester stability, wastewater treatment efficiency, and biogas production could be detected. A combination of dairy and swine manure was used as seeding to provide a methanogenic consortium and bicarbonate buffering. However, despite trying to provide for adequate initial bicarbonate buffering, all four digesters had low initial buffering and consequently low pH as short-chain fatty acids accumulated. After six weeks, bicarbonate buffering and pH increased as methane production increased, and short-chain fatty acids decreased. Later, despite the fluxes of O 2 and N 2 across the silicone membrane being very low, differences between the various treatments were noted. The pH of the digestate treated by N 2 recirculation was lower than the other digesters and decreased further after distillers’ spent grain was substituted for brewers’ spent grain. Aeration at a pressure of 26 mm Hg and 100 mg Hg increased biogas production compared to other treatments but only significantly so at 100 mm Hg. These results suggest that partial purging of dissolved gases in anaerobic digestate by the small fluxes of N 2 or O 2 across a permeable membrane may affect digester performance.

Keywords: anaerobic digester; bicarbonate; biogas; brewers’ spent grain; carbon dioxide; distillers’ spent grain; greenhouse gases; methane (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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