Quality Control of Emerging Contaminants in Marine Aquaculture Systems by Spot Sampling-Optimized Solid Phase Extraction and Passive Sampling

Panagiota Martinaiou, Panagiota Manoli, Vasiliki Boti, Dimitra Hela, Elissavet Makou, Triantafyllos Albanis and Ioannis Konstantinou
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Panagiota Martinaiou: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Panagiota Manoli: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Vasiliki Boti: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Dimitra Hela: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Elissavet Makou: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Triantafyllos Albanis: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Ioannis Konstantinou: Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 6, 1-15

Abstract: The presence of organic pollutants such as pesticides and pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment, and especially in regions where fish farms are installed, is a matter of major importance due to their possible risks to ecosystems and public health. The necessity of their detection leads to the development of sensitive, reliable, economical and environmentally friendly analytical methods for controlling their residue in various environmental substrates. In the present work, a solid-phase extraction method was developed, optimized and validated for the analysis of 7 pesticides and 25 pharmaceuticals in seawater using LC-HR-LTQ/Orbitrap-MS. The method was then applied in seawater samples collected from an aquaculture farm located in the Ionian Sea, Greece, in order to evaluate environmental pollution levels. None of the pesticides were detected, while paracetamol was the only pharmaceutical compound that was found (at trace levels). At the same time, passive sampling was conducted as an alternative screening technique, showing the presence of contaminants that were not detected with spot sampling. Among them, irgarol was detected and as far as pharmaceuticals is concerned, trimethoprim and sulfadiazine were found; however, all positive findings were at the very low ppt levels posing no threat to the aquatic environment.

Keywords: passive sampling; marine aquaculture; organic pollutants; solid-phase extraction (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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