A Comparative Study of Probabilistic and Deterministic Methods for the Direct and Indirect Costs in Life-Cycle Cost Analysis for Airport Pavements

Peyman Babashamsi, Shabir Hussain Khahro, Hend Ali Omar, Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi, Abdulnaser M Al-Sabaeei, Abdalrhman Milad, Munder Bilema, Muslich Hartadi Sutanto and Nur Izzi Md Yusoff
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Peyman Babashamsi: Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
Shabir Hussain Khahro: College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Hend Ali Omar: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Tripoli, Tripoli 22131, Libya
Sri Atmaja P. Rosyidi: Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia
Abdulnaser M Al-Sabaeei: Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
Abdalrhman Milad: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa, Birkat-al-Mouz, Nizwa 616, Oman
Munder Bilema: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Benghazi, Benghazi 1308, Libya
Muslich Hartadi Sutanto: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
Nur Izzi Md Yusoff: Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 7, 1-20

Abstract: Airports play a critical role in transporting goods and passengers and supporting the growth of the world economy. Airports spend huge sums annually to maintain and improve pavement functions by expanding the runways, taxiways, and aprons, and perform routine maintenance and rehabilitation of the existing pavements. Besides the traditional direct costs, a comprehensive airport pavement management system should also consider indirect costs such as fuel, crew, passenger delay, aircraft maintenance, and loss of airport revenue when conducting a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA). Engineers, managers, and stakeholders can make better decisions on the appropriate pavement maintenance and rehabilitation strategies by performing economic analyses of the direct and indirect costs. This study performed probabilistic and deterministic LCCA to contrast the effect of direct costs vis-a-vis indirect costs in airport pavement management. A case study found that indirect costs could contribute up to 20% of the total costs when using Portland cement concrete (PCC), hot mixed asphalt (HMA), and crack seat overlay (CSOL). Previous research did not give much attention to maintenance since the researchers believed that routine maintenance makes up only an insignificant percentage of the LCCA. However, routine maintenance of HMA and CSOL makes up 10.2% and 14.2% of the total cost. The rehabilitation cost of PCC makes up 16.3% of the total cost, and the rehabilitation cost for HMA and CSOL makes up 25.4% and 35.2% of the total cost.

Keywords: life-cycle cost analysis; direct cost; indirect cost; airport revenue reduction cost; airline delay costs and airport pavement management system (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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