Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and COVID-19: A Segmentation Analysis of Italian and US Consumers

Francesca Gerini, Tommaso Fantechi, Caterina Contini, Leonardo Casini and Gabriele Scozzafava
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Francesca Gerini: Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
Tommaso Fantechi: Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
Caterina Contini: Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
Leonardo Casini: Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy
Gabriele Scozzafava: Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 18, 50144 Firenze, Italy

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 7, 1-20

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to implement restrictions on individual freedom to stop the contagion. The imposition of lockdowns has affected many socio-economic aspects and, in particular, eating habits, highlighting the need to analyse the healthiness of new consumption patterns. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes in adherence to the Mediterranean diet, a dietary model universally recognized as healthy, that have occurred both during and since the lockdown. The subsequent profiling of consumers allowed us to understand which sociodemographic and psychographic factors favoured the development of more or less adherence to Mediterranean diet consumption patterns. The study was conducted by administering a questionnaire to a representative sample of Italians and New Yorkers. Both groups, defined by deep socio-economic differences and by their own eating habits compared to the Mediterranean diet model, were affected by similar lockdown measures. The data collected were processed by cluster analysis that allowed to identify four homogeneous groups with respect to the adherence to the Mediterranean diet model. The results highlight a worrying situation with respect to the impacts of the pandemic on maintaining a proper dietary style according to the principles of the Mediterranean diet. In fact, there has been a general worsening trend due to an increase in consumption, in part linked to emotional eating, which is a cause for concern about the potential future impacts on the health of consumers. The study highlights the need, therefore, to implement actions by public decision-makers aimed at raising the awareness of citizens on the issue of correct eating habits and at developing adequate food policies to stem the trend towards unhealthy diets.

Keywords: Mediterranean diet; coronavirus; food consumption; healthy eating; consumer segmentation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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