Recycling of Industrial Waste Gypsum Using Mineral Carbonation

Chan-Ung Kang, Sang-Woo Ji and Hwanju Jo
Additional contact information
Chan-Ung Kang: Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 124, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea
Sang-Woo Ji: Policy & Planning Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 124, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea
Hwanju Jo: Climate Change Response Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), 124, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34132, Korea

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 8, 1-13

Abstract: Direct mineral carbonation (MC) is used to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. This method has the great advantages of reducing the amount of industrial residues and creating valuable materials by incorporating CO 2 . Waste gypsum, industrial waste including flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum (25.27–53.40 wt% of CaO), and phosphogypsum (30.50–39.06 wt% of CaO) can be used for direct MC (conversion rate up to 96%). Mineral carbonation converts waste gypsum into calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), which can be recycled during desulfurization. Furthermore, ammonium sulfate ((NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ), which is used as a fertilizer, can be prepared as a by-product when the carbonation reaction is performed using ammonia (NH 3 ) as a base. In this study, recent progress in the carbonation kinetics and preparation of CaCO 3 using FGD gypsum and phosphogypsum with NH 3 was investigated. Temperature, CO 2 partial pressure, CO 2 flow rate, and NH 3 concentration were reviewed as factors affecting carbonation kinetics and efficiency. The factors influencing the polymorphs of the prepared CaCO 3 were also reviewed and summarized. A state-of-the-art bench-scale plant study was also proposed. In addition, economic feasibility was investigated based on a bench-scale study to analyze the future applicability of this technology.

Keywords: mineral carbonation; waste gypsum; calcium carbonate; ammonia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/8/4436/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/8/4436/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:4436-:d:789519

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().