Sub- and Near-Critical Hydrothermal Carbonization of Animal Manures

Kyoung S. Ro, Michael A. Jackson, Ariel A. Szogi, David L. Compton, Bryan R. Moser and Nicole D. Berge
Additional contact information
Kyoung S. Ro: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
Michael A. Jackson: USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
Ariel A. Szogi: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Coastal Plains Soil, Water & Plant Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas St., Florence, SC 29501, USA
David L. Compton: USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
Bryan R. Moser: USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604, USA
Nicole D. Berge: Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-14

Abstract: To produce hydrochar with less volatile matter (VM) and more fixed carbon (FC) to increase its stability, this study compared the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of hen (HM) and swine (SM) manures at typical HTC sub-critical temperature of 210 °C and slightly super-critical temperature of 400 °C. Physico-chemical properties such as proximate analysis; ultimate analysis; Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area; higher heating value ( HHV ); chemical oxygen demand ( COD ); and inorganic nutrients of hydrochar, gaseous, and liquid products were determined. As expected, both VM and yield decreased with temperature. The heats of HTC reactions were estimated to be exothermic, ranging from −5.7 to −8.6 MJ/kg. The FC approximately doubled, while VM significantly decreased with a yield of 42.7%, suggesting the high potential of producing more stable hydrochar via near-critical HTC (NCHTC) treatment of SM. Additional work is needed before recommendations on carbonization temperatures can be made. Specifically, there is a need to experimentally investigate how the chars produced from each carbonization condition influence plant growth and soil emissions.

Keywords: hydrothermal carbonization (HTC); near-critical HTC; animal manure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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