Advances in Technological Research for Online and In Situ Water Quality Monitoring—A Review

Gabriel Marinho e Silva, Daiane Ferreira Campos, José Artur Teixeira Brasil, Marcel Tremblay, Eduardo Mario Mendiondo and Filippo Ghiglieno
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Gabriel Marinho e Silva: Department of Hydraulics Engineering and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
Daiane Ferreira Campos: Department of Hydraulics Engineering and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
José Artur Teixeira Brasil: College of Engineering and Integrated Design (CEID), University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
Marcel Tremblay: Department of Correction, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Milford, MA 01757, USA
Eduardo Mario Mendiondo: Department of Hydraulics Engineering and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
Filippo Ghiglieno: Department of Physics, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-28

Abstract: Monitoring water quality is an essential tool for the control of pollutants and pathogens that can cause damage to the environment and human health. However, water quality analysis is usually performed in laboratory environments, often with the use of high-cost equipment and qualified professionals. With the progress of nanotechnology and the advance in engineering materials, several studies have shown, in recent years, the development of technologies aimed at monitoring water quality, with the ability to reduce the costs of analysis and accelerate the achievement of results for management and decision-making. In this work, a review was carried out on several low-cost developed technologies and applied in situ for water quality monitoring. Thus, new alternative technologies for the main physical (color, temperature, and turbidity), chemical (chlorine, fluorine, phosphorus, metals, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, and oxidation–reduction potential), and biological (total coliforms, Escherichia coli , algae, and cyanobacteria) water quality parameters were described. It was observed that there has been an increase in the number of publications related to the topic in recent years, mainly since 2012, with 641 studies being published in 2021. The main new technologies developed are based on optical or electrochemical sensors, however, due to the recent development of these technologies, more robust analyses and evaluations in real conditions are essential to guarantee the precision and repeatability of the methods, especially when it is desirable to compare the values with government regulatory standards.

Keywords: water quality; in situ; sensors; green technology; water monitoring (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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