Objective Comparison of Achievement Motivation and Competitiveness among Semi-Professional Male and Female Football Players

Ricardo de la Vega, Jorge Gómez, Raquel Vaquero-Cristobal, Javier Horcajo and Lucía Abenza-Cano
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Ricardo de la Vega: School of Education, Autonomus University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Jorge Gómez: Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
Raquel Vaquero-Cristobal: Faculty of Sport Science, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30007 Murcia, Spain
Javier Horcajo: Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Lucía Abenza-Cano: Faculty of Sport Science, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30007 Murcia, Spain

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-9

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine differences in achievement motivation (measured with the Objective Achievement Motivation Test, OLMT, Schuhfried ® ) and competitiveness between male and female semi-professional football players. The OLMT objectively assessed three constructs regarding achievement motivation: motivation through personal goals, aspiration level, and motivation through competition. In addition, competitiveness was measured with the self-reported Competitiveness-10 Questionnaire. Finally, participants’ performance was assessed by three expert observers in each of ten matches. Thirty-eight football players (men = 27; women = 11) participated in the present study, and no significant differences were found in the Levene test when comparing men and women with respect to the scores obtained in the different measures used in our research. Significant differences were found in the motivation through competition ( p = 0.021) as well as in self-reported competitiveness ( p = 0.020) as a function of gender, with males showing higher values in both cases. No gender differences were found in aspiration level ( p = 0.283) or motivation through personal goals ( p = 0.897). Moreover, age and player performance did not modulate gender differences on any measures. No significant correlation was found between motivational measures and performance. In conclusion, it should be noted that the only variable on which gender differences emerged was the level of competitiveness, such that males scored higher than females on both objective and self-reported measures.

Keywords: OLMT; achievement motivation; competitiveness; computerized assessment; football (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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