Boolean Analysis of Factors Affecting Women’s Participation in Rural Tourism

Farah Fathizadeh, Farhad Azizpour, Nader Sanati Sharghi and Heather L. Mair
Additional contact information
Farah Fathizadeh: Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
Farhad Azizpour: Department of Human Geography, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, Kharazmi University, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
Nader Sanati Sharghi: Department of Sociology, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-4697, Iran
Heather L. Mair: Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

Sustainability, 2022, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-17

Abstract: Women’s participation is a significant development priority in tourism, especially rural tourism. Despite their critical role in rural tourism, women face different constraints and limitations that prevent them from fully participating in local tourist activities. This study explores the most influential factors on women’s participation in rural tourism, using qualitative methods of inquiry (semi-structured interviews and observations) to collect data from 17 women who are active in rural tourism in the villages of Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Eight fundamental causes were identified and classified into macro- and micro-level factors that affect women’s participation in rural tourism, using the Boolean algebra analysis. The findings show socio-geographic proximity, a newly emerging theme, and patriarchal structure influence women’s participation at the macro-level. Similarly, self-confidence, family support, financial assistance, and the absence of role conflict at the micro-level are necessary and sufficient causes to influence women to participate and overcome challenging situations in rural tourism activities.

Keywords: women’s participation; rural tourism; self-confidence; socio-geographical proximity; patriarchal structure; Boolean analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5305/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/9/5305/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:9:p:5305-:d:804104

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().