Field-Based Evaluation of Rice Genotypes for Enhanced Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield and Grain Yield Efficiency Index in Irrigated Lowlands of the Indo-Gangetic Plains

Sandeep Gawdiya, Dinesh Kumar (), Yashbir S. Shivay, Arti Bhatia, Shweta Mehrotra (), Mandapelli Sharath Chandra, Anita Kumawat, Rajesh Kumar, Adam H. Price, Nandula Raghuram, Himanshu Pathak and Mark A. Sutton
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Sandeep Gawdiya: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
Dinesh Kumar: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
Yashbir S. Shivay: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
Arti Bhatia: Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
Shweta Mehrotra: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
Mandapelli Sharath Chandra: ICAR-AICRP on Integrated Farming System, Professor Jayashankar Telangana Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India
Anita Kumawat: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
Rajesh Kumar: Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi 110012, India
Adam H. Price: Room 1:07 Cruickshank Building, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3FX, UK
Nandula Raghuram: Centre for Sustainable Nitrogen and Nutrient Management, University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India
Himanshu Pathak: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110001, India
Mark A. Sutton: UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 11, 1-18

Abstract: Nitrogen (N) fertilizers are widely used worldwide to increase agricultural productivity. However, significant N losses contributing to air and water pollution ultimately reduce the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of crops. Numerous research studies have emphasized the use of a low dose of N fertilizer, but few have focused on screening N-efficient rice genotypes. This study aimed to identify and screen ten rice genotypes that are N-use-efficient under different N fertilization treatments using the surface placement of neem-oil-coated urea: N 0 (control), N 60 (½ of recommended N), and N 120 (recommended N) for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021) under a split plot design. In both growing seasons, the application of N 120 yielded the highest panicles m −2 (PAN = 453), filled grains panicle −1 (FGP = 133), leaf area index (LAI = 5.47), tillers m −2 (TILL = 541), grain yield t ha −1 (GY = 5.5) and harvest index (HI = 45.4%) by the genotype ‘Nidhi’, being closely followed by the genotype ‘Daya’. Four genotypes (‘Nidhi’, ‘Daya’, ‘PB 1728’ and ‘Nagina 22’), out of the ten genotypes evaluated, responded well to different fertilization treatments with N with respect to the grain yield efficiency index (GYEI ≥ 1). Regarding N fertilization, N 60 and N 120 recorded the highest increase in PAN (28.5%; 41.4%), FGP (29.5%; 39.3%), test weight (29.5%; 45.3%), LAI at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) (143.7%; 223.3%), and LAI at 60 DAT (61.6%; 70.1%) when compared with N 0 . Furthermore, the application of N 60 and N 120 improved GY and HI by 47.6% and 59.4%, and 3.4% and 6.2%, respectively, over N 0 . Nitrogen addition (N 60 and N 120 ) also significantly increased the chlorophyll content at 60 DAT (8.8%; 16.3%), TILL at 60 DAT (22.9%; 46.2%), TILL at harvest (28%; 41.4%), respectively, over N 0 . Overall, our research findings clearly indicate that ‘Nidhi’ and ‘Daya’ could be efficient candidates for improved nitrogen use, grain yield and GYEI in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India.

Keywords: grain yield; rice genotypes; nitrogen fertilization; grain yield efficiency index (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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