Optimization, Identification, and Quantification of Selected Phenolics in Three Underutilized Exotic Edible Fruits Using HPTLC

Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw, Mesfin Getachew Tadesse, Fekade Beshah Tessema, Henock Woldemichael Woldemariam, Belete Adefris Legesse, Tarekegn Berhanu Esho (), Archana Bachheti, Arwa A. AL-Huqail, Mostafa A. Taher, Ferjeni Zouidi, Kamel A. Saleh, Vinod Kumar, Ivan Širić and Pankaj Kumar
Additional contact information
Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw: Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Mesfin Getachew Tadesse: Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Fekade Beshah Tessema: Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Henock Woldemichael Woldemariam: Center of Excellence for Biotechnology and Bioprocess, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Belete Adefris Legesse: Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 9086, Ethiopia
Tarekegn Berhanu Esho: Department of Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 16417, Ethiopia
Archana Bachheti: Department of Environment Science, Graphic Era University, Dehradun 248002, India
Arwa A. AL-Huqail: Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Mostafa A. Taher: Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia
Ferjeni Zouidi: Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia
Kamel A. Saleh: Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir 61321, Saudi Arabia
Vinod Kumar: Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India
Ivan Širić: University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetosimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Pankaj Kumar: Agro-Ecology and Pollution Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to Be University), Haridwar 249404, India

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 12, 1-16

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate selected bioactive components in three underutilized wild edible exotic fruits ( Syzygium guineense Wild. DC, Ziziphus spina-christi L., and Citrus medica L.), using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (HPTLC-UV-Vis), treated under three drying conditions. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to extract the target bioactive components under specified conditions, i.e., time of 15 min, temperature of 35 °C, methanol and water 75/25, v / v , and fruit powder-to-solvent ratio of 1:15, w / v . The mobile phase ratio for rutin, kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin was toluene/ethylacetate/methanol/formic acid at 20:12:8:4, whereas, for phenolic acids, the ratio was 10:15:10:5, respectively. The HPTLC plates were scanned to identify and quantify selected compounds (phenolic acids, quercetin, rutin, myricetin, and kaempferol) at their maximum optimized absorption wavelengths. The contents of target bioactive components ranged from 0.64 ± 0.19 mg/100 g for rutin to 320.04 ± 7.10 mg/100 g for chlorogenic acid. Based on the results of this investigation, the phenol content of freeze-dried fruit was significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) higher than other drying methods. The calculated average limit of detections and quantifications ranged from 0.37 to 75 ng/spot to 2.5 to 250 ng/spot, respectively. The average recoveries were 99.91 ± 5.65% for quercetin and 99.08 ± 5.96% for rutin. Overall, the validated HPTLC method was simple, selective, sensitive, and stable for the simultaneous identification and determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids. As a result, this study revealed that the contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids in selected exotic edible fruits can be used as effective antioxidants.

Keywords: drying; bioactive compounds; method validation; optimization; ultrasound-assisted extraction; wild edible fruits (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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