An Estimation of Daily PM2.5 Concentration in Thailand Using Satellite Data at 1-Kilometer Resolution

Suhaimee Buya (), Sasiporn Usanavasin (), Hideomi Gokon and Jessada Karnjana
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Suhaimee Buya: School of Information, Computer and Communication Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Sasiporn Usanavasin: School of Information, Computer and Communication Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Hideomi Gokon: School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi 923-1211, Japan
Jessada Karnjana: National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-15

Abstract: This study addresses the limited coverage of regulatory monitoring for particulate matter 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5) in Thailand due to the lack of ground station data by developing a model to estimate daily PM2.5 concentrations in small regions of Thailand using satellite data at a 1-km resolution. The study employs multiple linear regression and three machine learning models and finds that the random forest model performs the best for PM2.5 estimation over the period of 2011–2020. The model incorporates several factors such as Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Elevation (EV), Week of the year (WOY), and year and applies them to the entire region of Thailand without relying on monitoring station data. Model performance is evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE), and the results indicate high accuracy for training (R 2 : 0.95, RMSE: 5.58 μg/m 3 ), validation (R 2 : 0.78, RMSE: 11.18 μg/m 3 ), and testing (R 2 : 0.71, RMSE: 8.79 μg/m 3 ) data. These PM2.5 data can be used to analyze the short- and long-term effects of PM2.5 on population health and inform government policy decisions and effective mitigation strategies.

Keywords: PM2.5 estimation; satellite data; aerosol optical depth; machine learning; random forest; Thailand (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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