Stochastic Coordinated Management of Electrical–Gas–Thermal Networks in Flexible Energy Hubs Considering Day-Ahead Energy and Ancillary Markets

Sina Parhoudeh (), Pablo Eguía López and Abdollah Kavousi Fard
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Sina Parhoudeh: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
Pablo Eguía López: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Ingeniero Torres Quevedo, 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
Abdollah Kavousi Fard: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz 7155713876, Iran

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-26

Abstract: This paper presents an optimal operation framework for electrical, gas, and thermal networks in the presence of energy hubs (EHs), so that EHs can benefit from day-ahead ancillary and energy markets. Therefore, to consider the goals of network operators (optimal operation of networks) and EHs (optimal operation in markets), the proposed model is developed in the form of a bi-level optimization. Its upper-level formulation minimizes the expected energy loss in the proposed networks based on the optimal power flow constraints and technical limits. At the lower-level problem, maximizing the expected profit of EHs in day-ahead energy and ancillary markets (including reactive and reserve regulation) is formulated based on the operational model of resources, storage devices, and responsive load in the EH framework, and the flexible constraints of EHs. This scheme includes the uncertainties of load, market price, renewable energy resources, and mobile storage energy demand, which uses the point estimation method to model them. Karush–Kuhn–Tucker is then used to extract the single-level model. Finally, by implementing the proposed scheme on a standard system, the obtained numerical results confirm the capability of the proposed model in improving the network’s operation and economic status of EHs. As a result, the proposed scheme is able to decrease operation indices such as energy losses, voltage drop, and temperature drop by approximately 28.5%, 39%, and 27.8%, respectively, compared to load flow analysis. This scheme can improve the flexibility of EHs, including non-controllable sources such as renewable resources, by nearly 100% and it obtains considerable profits for hubs.

Keywords: bi-level optimization; energy and ancillary services markets; energy losses; energy networks; flexible energy hub; point estimation method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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