What Is the Impact of a Dockless Bike-Sharing System on Urban Public Transit Ridership: A View from Travel Distances

Hong Lang, Shiwen Zhang, Kexin Fang, Yingying Xing () and Qingwen Xue
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Hong Lang: The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Shiwen Zhang: China Eastern Technology Application Research and Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201700, China
Kexin Fang: The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Yingying Xing: The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Qingwen Xue: College of Central Aviation and Flight, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-14

Abstract: Recently, the rapid development of the bike-sharing system (BSS) has dramatically influenced passengers’ travel modes. However, whether the relationship between the BSS and public transit is competitive or complementary remains unclear. In this paper, a difference-in-differences (DID) model is proposed to figure out the impact of the dockless BSS (DBSS) on bus ridership. The data was collected from Shanghai, China, which includes data from automatic fare collection (AFC) systems, automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems, DBSS transaction data, and point-of-interest (POI) data. The research is based on the route-level, and the results indicate that shared bikes have a substitution impact on bus ridership. Regarding all the travel distance, each shared bike along the route leads to a 0.39 decrease in daily bus ridership on the weekdays, and a 0.17 decrease in daily bus ridership on the weekends, respectively, indicating that dockless shared bikes lead to a stronger decrease in bus ridership on weekends compared to weekdays. Additionally, the substitution effects of shared bikes on bus ridership gradually decays from 0.104 to 0.016 in daily bus ridership on weekends, respectively, with the increase in the travel distance within 0–3 km. This paper reveals that the travel distance of passengers greatly influences the relationship between the DBSS and public transit on the route level.

Keywords: dockless bike-sharing system; DID; automatic fare collection system; transit ridership (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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