Geophysical Prospecting of the Coptic Monastery of Apa Moses Using GPR and Magnetic Techniques: A Case Study, Abydos, Sohag, Egypt

Abdelbaset M. Abudeif (), Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, Hatem S. Ramadan, Nassir Al-Arifi, Stefano Bellucci, Khamis K. Mansour, Hossameldeen A. Gaber and Mohammed A. Mohammed
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Abdelbaset M. Abudeif: Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
Gamal Z. Abdel Aal: Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
Hatem S. Ramadan: Faculty of Earth Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
Nassir Al-Arifi: Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Stefano Bellucci: INFN—Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
Khamis K. Mansour: National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG), Helwan 11421, Egypt
Hossameldeen A. Gaber: Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
Mohammed A. Mohammed: Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-22

Abstract: As a result of new discoveries, there is a greater opportunity for development and investment in the Al-Arraba EL-Madfuna region of Abydos, Sohag Governorate, Egypt, which benefits tourism and increases the national economy. The Coptic monastery, which was originally established by Apa Moses, the patriarch of the Coptic Church during the ancient Roman Empire, has vanished inside the current market on this site, along with numerous tombs. As a result, the primary goal of this work is to prospect on this site for these potential archaeological features. Ground magnetic and ground-penetration radar (GPR) surveys were employed for discovering these archaeological issues. This work was done in coordination with the Supreme Council of Antiquities. Ground magnetic and GPR surveys were implemented using the G-857 proton-precession magnetometer and GSSI SIR 4000 with a 200 MHz antenna. The data were processed and interpreted using Geosoft Oasis Montaj and REFLEXW v.5.8 software packages. The magnetic data were filtered to separate the shallower anomalies representing the archaeological remains from those of the deeper ones. Butterworth high pass filter, first vertical derivatives, analytical signal, and tilt derivative were employed to carry out the processing stages. The results were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to describe these anomalies and determine their locations, geometrical shapes, and depths. The source parameter imaging technique and 3D Euler deconvolution were used to calculate the depths. The analysis of magnetic maps shows that the study site is characterized by a number of anomalies that occur and have geometric squares and rectangle shapes with depths ranging from 0.7 m to ≈4 m. Some of these anomalies are related to potential archaeological objects. GPR findings reveal considerably scattered hyperbolas along several profiles, which may indicate the presence of potential buried objects. The integration of magnetic and GPR results showed that there is some consistency in the identification of the locations of the likely buried archaeological objects and their depths (0.7 to 3 m) for the majority of the discovered targets. The findings of this study suggest excavating at this location and relocating the market in order to protect the buried antiquities from being lost to be safeguarded as a tourist destination target.

Keywords: near-surface geophysics; GPR; magnetic; archaeological prospection; Coptic Monastery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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