Granulated Animal Feed and Fuel Based on Sea Buckthorn Agro-Waste Biomass for Sustainable Berry Production

Anna Andersone (), Sarmite Janceva (), Liga Lauberte, Natalija Zaharova, Mihail Chervenkov, Vilhelmine Jurkjane, Lilija Jashina, Gints Rieksts and Galina Telysheva
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Anna Andersone: Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
Sarmite Janceva: Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
Liga Lauberte: Laboratory of Finished Dosage Forms, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema 16, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
Natalija Zaharova: Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
Mihail Chervenkov: Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Vilhelmine Jurkjane: Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
Lilija Jashina: Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
Gints Rieksts: Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
Galina Telysheva: Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-19

Abstract: The industrial harvesting of sea buckthorn (SBT) berries with twigs and subsequent pruning creates a large volume of lignocellulosic agro-waste. This study aimed to valorize this agro-waste as a raw material for animal feed and fuel granules, for developing a sustainable cascading SBT production scheme. Five SBT cultivars’ biomasses were characterized by analytical pyrolysis, mass spectrometry, and GC analysis. Condensed tannins, which are undesirable components for animal feed, were separated by extraction. The residue was analyzed for total protein, vitamins (A, C, and E), ash, crude fat, wood fiber, and macroelements (P, K, Ca, and Na), and showed great potential. The heavy metal (Cd, Hg, and Pb) content did not exceed the permitted EU maximum. Granulation regimes were elaborated using a flat-die pelletizer, KAHL 14-175. The digestibility and the amount of produced gas emissions were determined using in vitro systems that recreate the digestion of small ruminants. The investigation proved that SBT leaves and stems are a unique underutilized source of animal feed, used alone or in combination with others. Twigs, due to their thorns, were granulated and valorized according to standards for application as fuel. The scheme offered in this study enables SBT agro-waste utilization and sustainable SBT berry production.

Keywords: sea buckthorn; agro-waste; lignocellulosic biomass; condensed tannins; animal feed; digestability; greenhouse gas emissions; small ruminants; granulated feed; granulated fuel (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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