Carbon Emission Efficiency and Reduction Potential Based on Three-Stage Slacks-Based Measure with Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist at the City Scale in Fujian Province, China

Tingting Wu, Junjun Chen, Chengchun Shi () and Guidi Yang ()
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Tingting Wu: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
Junjun Chen: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Fujian Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
Chengchun Shi: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Fujian Academy of Environmental Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China
Guidi Yang: Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processing and Safety Monitoring, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 16, 1-15

Abstract: Increased carbon emissions led to extreme weather, global warming, and other environmental problems. In order to control energy input and reduce carbon emissions, this study first combines a three-stage Slacks-Based Measure with Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) and uses the Malmquist index to quantify energy consumption at the city scale and the related carbon emission efficiency in Fujian Province for the period 2015–2020. Second, we explore the carbon reduction potential on the city scale from the perspective of improving carbon emission efficiency. Our results demonstrate that (i) the carbon emission efficiency of the nine cities increases overall in the first stage, when technical efficiency approaches the efficiency frontier state and efficiency shortage is mainly caused by the lack of pure technical efficiency. (ii) Regression by stochastic frontier analysis in the second stage reveals that the secondary industry correlates positively at 1% significance with fossil energy consumption and power consumption, indicating that the carbon emission efficiency decreases as the secondary industry increases. (iii) Putian and Xiamen reduced their carbon emission efficiency in the third stage due to (a) the input redundancy of fossil energy and social power consumption and (b) excessive undesirable output carbon emissions. (iv) There were improvements in carbon emission efficiency peaks in 2015, with Longyan, Ningde, and Sanming improving by about 50%. This improvement then decreased up to the year 2020, when the improvement in the carbon emission efficiency of Ningde and Zhangzhou was 6.02% and 9.50%, respectively, and that of all other cities was less than 1%. Therefore, we suggest that carbon emission reduction in the future can be further improved by improving technology, optimizing industrial structure, and various other ways to further improve carbon emission efficiency.

Keywords: SBM-DEA; Malmquist; carbon emission efficiency; potential in carbon reduction; carbon emission (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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