Effectiveness of Respiratory Exercises on Perceived Symptoms of Fatigue among Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review

Lucía Torres-Álamo, Remedios López-Liria (), María Ángeles Valverde-Martínez, María Jesús Benzo-Iglesias and Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias
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Lucía Torres-Álamo: Humanidades-498 Research Group, University of Almería, Carretera del Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
Remedios López-Liria: Health Research Centre, Humanidades-498 Research Group, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Carretera del Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
María Ángeles Valverde-Martínez: Health Research Centre, Humanidades-498 Research Group, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Carretera del Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
María Jesús Benzo-Iglesias: Health Research Centre, Humanidades-498 Research Group, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Carretera del Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
Jacobo Á. Rubio-Arias: Health Research Center, Department of Education, University of Almeria, Carretera del Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 17, 1-15

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which fatigue is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms, and it is believed to be associated with respiratory involvement. Individuals who are physically inactive for long lengths of time display greater symptomatic fatigue. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of breathing exercises within rehabilitation programs in improving fatigue in patients with MS. A systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PEDro, was conducted up until November 2022. Nine articles, with a total of 290 participants, were selected. The studies combined breathing exercises with other treatment techniques, such as Ai-Chi, Pilates, and upper and lower limb exercises. Four studies used the Modified Fatigue Severity scale, observing a reduction in the perception of fatigue, in favor of the experimental group. Incorporating respiratory exercises into physical exercise programs, such as Ai-Chi and Pilates, may help to reduce the perception of fatigue. However, the heterogeneity in the protocols and outcome measures makes the generalization of the results difficult. Nonetheless, further studies that include specific respiratory variables are needed to analyze whether this perceived improvement is associated with enhanced pulmonary capacity.

Keywords: multiple sclerosis; breathing exercises; patients; fatigue; physiotherapy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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