Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides: A Review on the Influence of Impurities

Ali Zakeri (), Kenneth S. Coley and Leili Tafaghodi
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Ali Zakeri: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
Kenneth S. Coley: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
Leili Tafaghodi: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 17, 1-25

Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions are the primary root cause of anthropogenic climate change. The heterogeneity of industrial operations and the use of carbonaceous fossil fuels as raw materials makes it challenging to find effective solutions for reducing these emissions. The iron and steel industry is responsible for approximately 35% of all industrial CO 2 emissions. This value is equivalent to 7–9% of the global CO 2 emissions from all sectors. Using hydrogen (H 2 ) as the alternative reducing agent has the potential for a significant reduction in CO 2 emissions. Despite decades of research on H 2 -based reduction reactions, the reaction kinetics are still not well understood. One of the key influencing parameters on reduction kinetics is the effects of impurities in the iron ore, which needs to be unraveled for a better understanding of the reduction mechanisms. The present review paper aims to explore the single and combined effects of common impurities on the reduction behavior as well as the structural evolution of iron oxides.

Keywords: ironmaking; sustainability; hydrogen metallurgy; direct reduction; iron oxides; kinetics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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