Wastewater Treatment in Central Asia: Treatment Alternatives for Safe Water Reuse

Marzhan S. Kalmakhanova (), Jose L. Diaz de Tuesta, Arindam Malakar, Helder T. Gomes and Daniel D. Snow ()
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Marzhan S. Kalmakhanova: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, M. Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University, Taraz 080012, Kazakhstan
Jose L. Diaz de Tuesta: Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
Arindam Malakar: Water Sciences Laboratory, Nebraska Water Center, Part of Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, and School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, USA
Helder T. Gomes: Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
Daniel D. Snow: Water Sciences Laboratory, Nebraska Water Center, Part of Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute, and School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0844, USA

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 20, 1-27

Abstract: Due to water scarcity and ready availability, treated wastewater in Central Asia is increasingly reused and seen as a valuable resource, requiring effective management with particular care for human health, environmental protection, and water security. Due to limited technical and economic support and poorly developed regulatory systems, many cities have inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure. Improved wastewater effluent management is paramount due to its relationship with surface and groundwater quality used for drinking and agricultural irrigation. This paper presents a brief review of the published literature reporting on current wastewater treatment technologies and effluent composition, with particular attention paid to reuse needs. The impact of these practices on water quality is further assessed from information and reports gathered from various sources on the quantity and quality of surface waters and groundwaters. Finally, alternatives to current wastewater treatment practices in Central Asia will be explored with a particular emphasis on the removal of contaminants of emerging concern, including biological treatment systems, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes, and managed/unmanaged aquifer recharge techniques based on permeable reactive barriers, aiming to increase the availability and quality of surface waters and groundwaters for safe water reuse.

Keywords: adsorption; advanced oxidation process; contaminants of emerging concern; wastewater treatment; Central Asia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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