Sustainable Use of Marine Macroalga Sargassum muticum as a Biosorbent for Hazardous Crystal Violet Dye: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Modeling

Mustafa A. Fawzy, Abeer S. Aloufi, Sedky H. A. Hassan (), Abdulrahman H. Alessa, Ahmad A. Alsaigh, Mostafa Koutb and Ismail R. Abdel-Rahim
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Mustafa A. Fawzy: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
Abeer S. Aloufi: Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Sedky H. A. Hassan: Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
Abdulrahman H. Alessa: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad A. Alsaigh: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
Mostafa Koutb: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
Ismail R. Abdel-Rahim: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 20, 1-18

Abstract: The pollution of aquatic bodies by synthetic dyes is regarded as one of the most significant environmental issues, which has prompted greater research into effective and sustainable removal techniques. Even though there have been major efforts in the previous few decades, more study is still necessary to fully examine the long-term performance and usable applicability of adsorbents and different adsorption techniques for the removal of dye. In the present study, a brown marine macroalga Sargassum muticum was used as an effective and sustainable biosorbent for the crystal violet (CV) dye removal from aqueous solutions. The biosorbent was characterized by analysis of SEM, EDX, and FTIR. In order to evaluate the optimum conditions of CV biosorption, several parameters have been examined as a function of contact time, algal dose, initial concentration of CV, and pH. The maximum CV removal was obtained at 60 min contact time, 10 g/L algal dosage, 30 mg/L initial concentration of CV, and pH 6. The isothermal models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin are best explained the equilibrium data obtained. At the optimum conditions, the maximum biosorption capacity of the algal biomass achieved from the Langmuir model was 39.1 mg/g. The kinetic adsorption models were also better explained using the pseudo-second-order and Elovich model, and the effect of the boundary layer was indicated using the intraparticle diffusion model as well as the chemisorption-controlled biosorption process. Thermodynamically, the process of CV biosorption was shown to be random, spontaneous, and endothermic. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism of CV dye biosorption onto algal biomass is regulated by hydrogen bond formation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange. These findings revealed that the biomass of S. muticum is a sustainable and promising material for the biosorption of water pollutants.

Keywords: biosorption; crystal violet; kinetics and isothermal studies; Sargassum muticum; thermodynamic analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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