Application of Internet of Things in Residential Distribution Systems

Walied Alfraidi (), Fahad Alaql, M. Soltani, Kaamran Raahemifar and Hadi Fekri
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Walied Alfraidi: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
Fahad Alaql: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
M. Soltani: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
Kaamran Raahemifar: Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
Hadi Fekri: Department of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19967-15433, Iran

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-16

Abstract: Enabling an internet of things (IoT) application in residential distribution systems by integrating houses with IoT windows and occupant behavior can provide numerous advantages to the power grid, including, but not limited to, demand diminution, congestion reduction, and capacity deferral. This paper presents a new framework that mathematically enables an IoT application in residential distribution systems by integrating IoT windows and occupant behavior with houses for load management and energy conservation. With the proposed framework, we model residential loads considering the IoT concept, and then develop a mathematical optimization model that facilitates the integration of IoT-based houses into the residential distribution system. Different case studies considering a 33-bus distribution network are presented and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness of penetrating IoT-based houses on distribution system operations and household profitability. It is observed that the profit of the local distribution company decreases when houses are transformed to IoT-based houses due to the fact that less energy is sold to the households. On the other hand, the operation cost of the IoT-based house is lower than that of the conventional house because of the better-managed house energy use, thereby resulting in saving money. It is found that 10% and 20% penetrations of IoT-based houses help reduce the maximum power imported through the distribution substation by 30 kW and 60 kW, respectively. It is also found that the load of IoT-based houses and power availability of a rooftop photovoltaic generation are not compatible, and hence, without an action from the customer and/or utility to coordinate them through a demand response program, IoT-based houses would not contribute to increasing the connectivity of PV-distributed generation in the smart grid.

Keywords: energy conservation; internet of things; load management; optimization; mathematical model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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