Sustainability of Informal Artisanal Mining in the Peruvian Andean Region

Felipe Rafael Valle Díaz (), Oscar Apaza-Apaza, Rosmel Iván Rodriguez-Peceros, Alfredo Huamán-Cuya, Juan Felipe Valle-Sherón, Jesús Virgilio Luque-Rivera, Carlos Vidal Dávila-Ignacio and Hermenegildo Chaccara-Huachaca
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Felipe Rafael Valle Díaz: Departamento Académico Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela Administración de Empresas, Facultad Ciencias de la Empresa, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
Oscar Apaza-Apaza: Departamento Académico Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela Administración de Empresas, Facultad Ciencias de la Empresa, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
Rosmel Iván Rodriguez-Peceros: Departamento Académico Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela Administración de Empresas, Facultad Ciencias de la Empresa, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
Alfredo Huamán-Cuya: Departamento Académico Ciencias Empresariales, Escuela Administración de Empresas, Facultad Ciencias de la Empresa, Universidad Nacional José María Arguedas, Andahuaylas 03701, Peru
Juan Felipe Valle-Sherón: Departamento Académico Ciencias Agronómicas, Escuela Agronomía, Facultad de Ingenierías, Universidad Tecnológica de los Andes, Abancay 03001, Peru
Jesús Virgilio Luque-Rivera: Departamento Académico de Estudios Generals, Escuela Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Facultad Ingeniería y Gestión, Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur, Villa EL Salvador 15834, Peru
Carlos Vidal Dávila-Ignacio: Departamento Académico de Estudios Generals, Escuela Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Facultad Ingeniería y Gestión, Universidad Nacional Tecnológica de Lima Sur, Villa EL Salvador 15834, Peru
Hermenegildo Chaccara-Huachaca: Departamento Académico de Administración, Escuela Administración de Empresas, Facultad de Administración, Universidad Nacional Micaela Bastidas de Apurímac, Abancay 03001, Peru

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-17

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to reflect on the sustainability of informal artisanal mining in the Peruvian Andean area until the year 2022. The research is basic and non-experimental in design and ex post facto in scope. The sample consisted of crime prevention statistics on socio-environmental conflict from guardianship institutions and a television program on mining. Our research procedure focused on gathering secondary information for a documentary review analysis based on past proven and disseminated facts. Informal artisanal mining is strengthened in the Peruvian Andean area due to the following influencing factors: support represented as the social license granted by communal assemblies; the flexibility of governmental management in relaxing compliance related to formalization and preventive laws regarding environmental protection; the resistance to formalization and the 50% increase in socio-environmental conflict; and the 25% increase in production costs related agricultural activities, which promotes the displacement towards mining activities. The environmental sustainability consequences are as follows: limited reconversion of agricultural land-use change in one-third of the communal territories at the headwaters of the basin, which generates the displacement of environmentally friendly economic activity, and a parallel positive action is the impossibility of modification or intervention affecting water surfaces and wetlands due to communal agreements that mining companies must respect during operation.

Keywords: conflict costs; land degradation; laws; social license (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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