Removal of Inorganic Pollutants from Wastewater: Innovative Technologies and Toxicity Assessment

Vinay Kumar (), Munish Sharma, Sonica Sondhi, Komalpreet Kaur, Deepak Sharma, Shivali Sharma and Divya Utreja
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Vinay Kumar: Bioconversion and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam 602105, India
Munish Sharma: School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, Kangra 176206, India
Sonica Sondhi: Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh College of Technology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges Landran, Mohali 141004, India
Komalpreet Kaur: Institute of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Gurdaspur 143521, India
Deepak Sharma: Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh College of Technology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges Landran, Mohali 141004, India
Shivali Sharma: Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab 141004, India
Divya Utreja: Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab 141004, India

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 23, 1-24

Abstract: In the past decade, a sudden increase in the number and kind of emerging water contaminants has been observed. The emerging contaminants can be categorized as organic or inorganic. Organic contaminants have been known for years, and techniques for their detection and remediation have been developed. However, inorganic pollutants are much more common. This is because they are detected in very low or negligible concentrations and are equally toxic as organic pollutants at higher concentrations. To boost the research on inorganic pollutant contamination, advancements in detection and quantification techniques are required. The presented paper discusses major inorganic pollutants such as metals and their salts, inorganic fertilizers, sulfides, acids and bases, and ammonia and oxides of nitrogen. In addition, it discusses the inorganic toxicants’ toxicity to organisms and the environment, upgraded quantification methods, and advancements in inorganic toxicant mitigation. Moreover, the major bottlenecks in the quantification and removal of inorganic pollutants are discussed at the end.

Keywords: inorganic pollutants; detection and quantification; water pollutants; toxicity assessment; environmental pollution (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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