Collaborative Conservation for Inclusive, Equitable, and Effective Systems of Protected and Conserved Areas—Insights from Brazil

Cláudio C. Maretti (), Sueli Angelo Furlan, Marta de Azevedo Irving, Yasmin Xavier Guimarães Nasri, Camila Gonçalves de Oliveira Rodrigues, Beatriz Barros Aydos, Rodrigo Martins dos Santos, Erika Guimarães, Carlos Eduardo Marinelli, Juliana C. Fukuda, Ângela Cruz Guirao, Luciano Régis Cardoso, Elizabeth Oliveira, Edilaine A. de Moraes, Érika Fernandes-Pinto, Ana Celina Tiburcio, Paula Chamy P. da Costa and Sidnei Raimundo
Additional contact information
Cláudio C. Maretti: Department of Geography (DGEO), Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences (FFLCH), University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-080, SP, Brazil
Sueli Angelo Furlan: Department of Geography (DGEO), Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences (FFLCH), University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-080, SP, Brazil
Marta de Azevedo Irving: Postgraduation Program on Communities Psychosociology and Social Ecology (EICOS), Psychology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil
Yasmin Xavier Guimarães Nasri: Postgraduation Program on Communities Psychosociology and Social Ecology (EICOS), Psychology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil
Camila Gonçalves de Oliveira Rodrigues: Postgraduation Program on Sustainable Development Practices, Department of Administration and Tourism, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rio de Janeiro 23890-000, RJ, Brazil
Beatriz Barros Aydos: Foundation for Amazon Sustainability, São Paulo 05468-901, SP, Brazil
Rodrigo Martins dos Santos: Department of Geography (DGEO), Faculty of Philosophy, Languages and Human Sciences (FFLCH), University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo 05508-080, SP, Brazil
Erika Guimarães: Aretê Socioambiental, Lauro de Freitas 42700-000, BA, Brazil
Carlos Eduardo Marinelli: Amazon Research National Institute (INPA), Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil
Juliana C. Fukuda: Chico Mendes Biodiversity Conservation Institute (ICMBio), Brasília 70670-350, DF, Brazil
Ângela Cruz Guirao: Department of Green and Sustainable Development, Secretariat of Green, Environment and Sustainable Development, Municipality of Campinas, Campinas 13015-904, SP, Brazil
Luciano Régis Cardoso: Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (IDSM), Tefé 69553-225, AM, Brazil
Elizabeth Oliveira: Brazilian College of Advanced Studies (CBAE), UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro 21941-617, RJ, Brazil
Edilaine A. de Moraes: Department of Tourism, Institute of Human Sciences, Research Group on Community-Based Tourism, Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil
Érika Fernandes-Pinto: Chico Mendes Biodiversity Conservation Institute (ICMBio), Brasília 70670-350, DF, Brazil
Ana Celina Tiburcio: Organa Eco-Communications, São José dos Campos 12247-004, SP, Brazil
Paula Chamy P. da Costa: Research Group on Conservation and Management of Natural Resources of Common Use (CGCommons), Nucleus for Environmental Studies and Research (NEPAM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
Sidnei Raimundo: Leisure and Tourism Undergraduate Course, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities (EACH), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-080, SP, Brazil

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 24, 1-32

Abstract: Protected and conserved areas (PCAs) are increasingly recognized as essential tools for their effectiveness in conservation and the benefits they provide. However, their challenges are still significant. The concepts, legislation, and governance surrounding PCAs are the results of social contexts. Due to the evolution of scientific knowledge, human rights, and diversified demands, new approaches are necessary to fulfill their functions. To better understand the context and possibilities, a study group was established to evaluate the current research, exchange experiences, guide dialogues, and identify lessons from experiences. The core of the experiences and cases considered and the reflections developed focused on the Brazilian context. This article analyzes the collected information and reflections related to several themes associated with challenges. The results reinforce the importance of PCAs but warn about the limitations of current conservation strategies to respond to social actors’ expectations, the needs of the vulnerable social groups, and evolving demands. The complexity of PCA systems is evident in view of the multiplicity of interests, potential contributions, and possibilities for participatory arrangements. There is a need to improve management and governance conceptions to promote the reconnection between society and nature. Therefore, the concept of collaborative conservation is proposed as an instrumental approach to advance towards inclusive and effective conservation strategies.

Keywords: governance; complex systems; social benefits; partnership arrangements; biodiversity; nature; stakeholders; right-holders; society–nature interactions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
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