Layered-Defect Perovskite K 3 Bi 2 X 9 (X = I, Br, and Cl) Thin Films for CO 2 Photoreduction: An Analysis of Their Pseudocatalytic Behavior

Oscar L. Quintero-Lizárraga, Edith Luévano-Hipólito, Luz I. Ibarra-Rodríguez and Leticia M. Torres-Martínez ()
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Oscar L. Quintero-Lizárraga: Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66455, NL, Mexico
Edith Luévano-Hipólito: Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66455, NL, Mexico
Luz I. Ibarra-Rodríguez: Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados, S. C. (CIMAV) Miguel de Cervantes 120 Complejo Ind. Chihuahua, Chihuahua C.P. 31136, CH, Mexico
Leticia M. Torres-Martínez: Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía, Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza C.P. 66455, NL, Mexico

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 24, 1-19

Abstract: Lead-free layered-defect perovskite K 3 Bi 2 X 9 (X = I, Br, and Cl) films were proposed as efficient photocatalysts for the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to obtain clean and sustainable formic acid (HCOOH), a widely used feedstock in the industry. The films exhibited high crystallinity, hexagonal morphologies, and visible light absorption, which were modified by proportionally increasing the diameter of the X anion. The obtained photocatalytic activities showed values of 299 µmol h −1 (K 3 Bi 2 Br 9 ), 283 µmol h −1 (K 3 Bi 2 I 9 ), and 91 µmol h −1 (K 3 Bi 2 Cl 9 ). However, the stability of the films is an important parameter that must be solved; therefore, three strategies were implemented—one with an intrinsic approach (solvent engineering) and two others with an extrinsic focus (substrate modification and heterojunction engineering). These modifications favored yields of up to 738 µmol h −1 and constant production over 6 h, demonstrating that the perovskite maintains continuous HCOOH generation. The analysis of the reaction medium showed the degradation of the material structure to BiOI and K + , which could have enhanced its affinity towards CO 2 . In this manner, the degraded perovskite (K 3 Bi 2 I 9 /BiOI) might still react with the CO 2 to generate HCOOH in an aqueous medium under visible light, showing pseudocatalytic behavior.

Keywords: CO 2 reduction; sustainability; lead-free halide perovskites; pseudocatalyst; K 3 Bi 2 I 9; formic acid; thin film perovskites (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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