Site Characterization and Liquefaction Hazard Assessment for the Erenler Settlement Area (Sakarya Province, Turkey) Based on Integrated SPT-Vs Data

Ali Silahtar (), Hasan Karaaslan and Kadir Kocaman
Additional contact information
Ali Silahtar: Department of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, Turkey
Hasan Karaaslan: Department of Geophysical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, Turkey
Kadir Kocaman: Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sakarya University, Serdivan 54050, Turkey

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-22

Abstract: The focus of this study is to examine the soil properties and liquefaction potential of the Erenler center district in a critical tectonic zone that can produce large earthquakes, such as the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). In this sense, 40 surface wave measurements and 52 geotechnical drillings were employed. Accordingly, the liquefaction potential index (LPI), liquefaction severity index (LSI), Ishihara boundary (IB) curve, and Ishihara-inspired index (LPI ISH ) liquefaction approaches from geotechnical and geophysical methods were used as integrated. All liquefaction analyses were examined for two scenarios, Mw: 7.4 1999 Izmit (a max : 0.41 g) and Mw: 7.0 1967 (a max : 0.28 g) Mudurnu. According to the analyses, almost all of the study area showed liquefaction risk in the Izmit scenario. In the Mudurnu scenario, liquefaction risk distribution decreased parallel to acceleration. The LPI, LPI ISH, and IB liquefaction risk results for both scenarios support each other. On the other hand, it was determined that the probability of liquefaction was lower in the LSI evaluation. The spatial distribution of the liquefaction potential of the Vs-based and SPT-based LPI assessments had a similar pattern. These results show that the LPI approach, originally SPT-based, can also be calculated based on Vs. In addition, according to Vs 30 -based (average shear wave velocity at 30 m depth) soil classification criteria, low-velocity character E and D soil groups dominate the Quaternary alluvial basin. This indicates that deformation-induced failures may occur even in areas with a low probability of liquefaction in similar strong ground motions. In addition, the evaluation of liquefaction with many approaches in two different bases within the scope of the study constitutes a novelty for the study area and liquefaction analyses. While performing diversified liquefaction analyses and approaches will contribute to obtaining more reliable soil liquefaction results, more case studies are needed to elucidate these comparisons.

Keywords: liquefaction potential index; liquefaction severity index; Ishihara boundary curve; Ishihara-inspired index; share wave velocity; site characterization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/2/1534/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/2/1534/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:2:p:1534-:d:1034285

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().