Geotechnical Investigation of Gelatin Biopolymer on Cohesive Soils

Muralidaran Vishweshwaran and Evangelin Ramani Sujatha ()
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Muralidaran Vishweshwaran: School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
Evangelin Ramani Sujatha: Centre for Advanced Research on Environment, School of Civil Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: Gelatin, a biopolymer derived from animal proteins, has been selected to stabilize three fine-grained soils by determining select index and engineering properties. Specimens for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) were tested using three different curing methods, i.e., thermally cured at 60 °C, unsoaked, and 7 days air-cured submerged specimens. The amount of gelatin added to the soil ranged from 0.5% to 2% by soil weight. The sequence of the interaction between gelatin and the clays is as follows: (A) The biopolymer solution is adsorbed and agglomerated onto the surface of the clay. (B) The presence of Al 3+ , Si 4+, and K + ions on the clay promotes the blending of connective linkages with negatively charged gelatin. (C) The connection reinforcements harden with the curing period and subsequent drying of the stabilized soils. (D) Drying of the gelatin–clay complex also establishes alternative bonding modes such as van der Waals interactions and ligand exchange. The biopolymer formed dry, rigid films after 72 h which were responsible for coating and reinforcing the soil particles. Thermal curing by 1% addition of gelatin yielded the maximum CBR of 91.42%, 141.1%, and 122.3% for high compressible clay, low compressible clay, and low compressible silt, respectively, and a maximum Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of 3968 kN/m 2 for the low compressible clay. The UCS results revealed that brittle failure was predominant for the gelatin-amended soils after 28 days of curing while shear failure was observed for the treated soils tested 2 h after sample preparation. Tests on pH revealed that the gelatin-stabilized soils displayed marginal variations after 28 days. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the various types of bonds between gelatin and the clays. A reduction in mass of 9% was observed for the alternate wetting and drying of the high compressible clay after a period of 12 cycles. The adsorption of the clay–gelatin complex was indicated by variation in average particle diameter and specific surface. Savings in 450 m 3 and 93.75 m 3 of coarse aggregates and dense bituminous macadam, respectively, were observed for a 1 km pavement for the stabilized low compressible clay.

Keywords: biopolymer; gelatin; soil improvement; thermal curing; unconfined compressive strength (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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