Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol

Sanjeev Kumar Soni (), Apurav Sharma and Raman Soni
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Sanjeev Kumar Soni: Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
Apurav Sharma: Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
Raman Soni: Department of Biotechnology, D.A.V. College, Chandigarh 160011, India

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 4, 1-26

Abstract: The primary contributor to global warming has been the careless usage of fossil fuels. Urbanization’s threat to the depletion of these resources has made it necessary to find alternatives due to the rising demand. Four different forms of biofuels are now available and constitute a possible replacement for fossil fuels. The first generation of biofuels is generated from the edible portion of biomass, the second generation is made from the non-edible portion of biomass, the third generation is made from algal biomass, and the fourth generation is made using molecular biology to improve the algal strain. Second-generation biofuels are extremely important because they are derived from non-edible biomass, such as agricultural and agro-industrial wastes rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and starch impregnated with lignin, and are hydrolyzed after delignification by physio-chemical or biological pretreatments using ligninases. The enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of feedstocks for the production of second-generation bioethanol, a highly acceptable biofuel, are discussed in this article. Furthermore, the article discusses various fermentation technologies as well as significant developments in second-generation biofuel production by combining various microbial enzyme systems.

Keywords: biofuels; bioethanol; lignocellulose; cellulases; amylases; hemicellulases (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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