The Failure Characteristics and Energy Evolution Pattern of Compound Coal–Rock under the Action of Cyclic Loading

Guohua Zhang, Lei Wang, Tao Qin (), Ji Li, Gang Liu and Yubo Li
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Guohua Zhang: Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
Lei Wang: College of Safety Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
Tao Qin: College of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
Ji Li: Heilongjiang Longmei Jixi Mining Co., Ltd., Jixi 158100, China
Gang Liu: College of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China
Yubo Li: College of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150022, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: Based on the entire loading process of compound coal–rock, test pieces with three different coal/rock ratios (1:3, 1:1, and 3:1) have been constructed and the corresponding cyclic loading experiments have been carried out. Through the experiment, the deformation and failure characteristics of the compound coal–rock samples have been explored and the stage evolution characteristics of energy density have been subsequently analyzed. Ultimately, the relation between deformation failure and the energy evolution mechanism has been established, and thus the reasons behind rock bursts in the coal–rock compounds have been discussed. The experimental results indicate that with the increase in cyclic loading, the stress–strain curve of the compound coal–rock demonstrates a positive shift, whereas the change in the hysteretic curve from dense to sparse results in a “hysteresis expansion”. The increase in the coal body height increases the chance of brittleness failure of the compound coal–rock. The coal body, as the main controlling factor of compound coal–rock failure, generates cracks that expand to the rock body along the juncture of the coal and rock, leading to instability. The energy density evolution curve can be described by a quadratic function. The evolution process is initiated from the slow increase in input energy density and elastic energy density. A large amount of energy is stored through the rapid increase in the density mentioned above. At last, the evolution is completed by a surge in dissipated energy. The energy evolution drives the crack expansions in the compound coal–rock under load. The energy accumulation in the compound coal–rock is increased by the exploitation of the clamping effect of the thick and hard top and bottom plate. The risk of rock burst is intensified by the failure of the coal body because of the energy in the coal–rock system. The study results help to comprehend the energy evolution pattern in the surrounding rock of deep mining roadways and expand the prevention methods for impact ground pressure.

Keywords: compound coal–rock; coal and rock dynamic disaster prevention; cyclic loading; energy evolution; mechanism and prevention of impact ground pressure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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