Soil Heavy Metal Absorption Potential of Azolla pinnata and Lemna gibba with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Farming

Bimal Manuranga Herath, Chaturanga Bamunuarachchige, Steven L. Stephenson, Abdallah M. Elgorban, Suhail Asad, Jaturong Kumla, Nakarin Suwannarach, Samantha C. Karunarathna () and Pinnaduwage Neelamanie Yapa ()
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Bimal Manuranga Herath: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka
Chaturanga Bamunuarachchige: Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Technology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka
Steven L. Stephenson: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Abdallah M. Elgorban: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Suhail Asad: School of Biology and Chemistry, Pu’er University, Pu’er 665000, China
Jaturong Kumla: Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Nakarin Suwannarach: Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Samantha C. Karunarathna: Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
Pinnaduwage Neelamanie Yapa: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale 50300, Sri Lanka

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 5, 1-27

Abstract: This study assessed the potential uptake of soil-contaminated heavy metals by Azolla pinnata and Lemna gibba in combination with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in traditional and improved rice varieties. Total levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in soil, rice roots, shoots, grains, A. pinnata , and L. gibba were estimated using ICP-MS. The percentage colonization in AMF-inoculated and AMF-uninoculated rice varied from 1.13–30.67% and 1.33–5.42%, respectively. These findings suggested that AMF provide protection to rice plants against the combined toxicity of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg in rice field soil. The combined interaction of AMF, organic fertilizer, and A. pinnata decreased heavy metal accumulation in rice roots, shoots, and grains in both tested varieties. The intake and subsequent accumulation of Cd, As, Pb, and Hg in the rice grains differed significantly ( p < 0.05) between the two rice varieties. Furthermore, it was revealed that the AMF-inoculated rice plants reduced the translocation of heavy metals from root to shoot. Therefore, it can be concluded that heavy metal absorption and accumulation in rice can be reduced by the application of AMF, organic fertilizer, and A. pinnata together in rice farming.

Keywords: AMF; Azolla pinnata; heavy metal; Lemna gibba; organic fertilizer; rice (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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