Evaluation of Dried Citrus Pulp Addition to Total Mixed Ration in Replacement to Corn on Mutton Goat Performance and Health Indices

Abdur Rahman (), Huma Kalsoom, Sadia Khanum, Muhammad Sajid, Muhammad Zaman Zahid, Zafar Hayat, Akhtar Rasool Asif, Mubarik Mahmood, Irfan Ahmed, Shah Nawaz (), Muhammad Yousaf, Aziz ur Rehman, Sayyed Aun Muhammad and Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
Additional contact information
Abdur Rahman: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Huma Kalsoom: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Sadia Khanum: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Muhammad Sajid: Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Muhammad Zaman Zahid: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Zafar Hayat: Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
Akhtar Rasool Asif: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Mubarik Mahmood: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Irfan Ahmed: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Shah Nawaz: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Yousaf: Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Aziz ur Rehman: Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sub Campus Jhang, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Sayyed Aun Muhammad: Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad: Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-11

Abstract: Due to the human population explosion, demand for food, especially meat, has also increased. Increasing mutton production, in this scenario, is one way to mitigate this emerging issue as it nourishes a large human population. However, its production is challenging due to high feeding costs. This study was executed to develop cost-effective feed for mutton goat production by adding dried citrus pulp to the total mixed ration. Citrus pulp was used as an energy source instead of corn grain. A total of 12 bucks were divided into 4 groups, each having 3 animals. After 21 days of adaptation, bucks were assigned to experimental groups. The experimental groups were designated as A, B, C and D. They were fed TMR with 0, 10, 15 and 20% dried citrus pulp, respectively, as a replacement for corn grain for 90 days. The effect of the dried citrus pulp inclusion on the bucks’ growth performance such as feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio was evaluated on weekly basis. Hematological and biochemical parameters including total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, complete blood count and serum antioxidant (catalase) activity were also determined. Results indicated that all hematological and biochemical parameters showed non-significant differences among the control and treatment groups. Weekly weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were equal in corn based as well as in dried citrus pulp-based diet with a lower feeding cost for the latter. It is concluded that the use of dried citrus pulp up to 20% as a replacement of corn in ration of fattening bucks is economical to use without any adverse effects.

Keywords: corn replacement; dried citrus pulp; least cost feed formulation; mutton production (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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