Career Planning Indicators of Successful TVET Entrepreneurs

Natasha Dora Muridan, Mohamad Sattar Rasul (), Ruhizan Mohamad Yasin, Ahmad Rosli Mohd Nor, Rose Amnah Abd. Rauf and Nur Atiqah Jalaludin
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Natasha Dora Muridan: Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
Mohamad Sattar Rasul: Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
Ruhizan Mohamad Yasin: Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
Ahmad Rosli Mohd Nor: Academy for Islamic Contemporary Studies (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Campus of Bandaraya Melaka, Melaka 75300, Malaysia
Rose Amnah Abd. Rauf: Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Nur Atiqah Jalaludin: Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 8, 1-18

Abstract: The absence of career planning is closely linked to low income, severe work environments, lack of health facilities, low life expectancy, and unemployment risks. (1) Background: career planning is the basis of individual career development. The aim of this article is to identify the career planning indicators of high-income entrepreneurs who are graduates with a technical and vocational education and training [TVET] background. (2) Methods: this study, which used a modified Delphi technique, was conducted using two rounds of surveys among 10 TVET graduates and entrepreneurs with high incomes in order to obtain the career planning indicators on how they achieved a high income. All of them have a revenue of above RM 5000 a month, which is considered to be a high-income status according to Bank Negara Malaysia’s (BNM) Payment System and Financial Stability Report 2018. (3) Results: the findings have shown two indicators to get a high consensus, which are focus and self-efficacy in career. In fact, assigning a specific career objective and striving to achieve high salary are crucial and must be within entrepreneurs’ skillset (realistic). (4) Conclusions: the objective can be modified to imply the self-efficacy of the students in optimizing career plans that are suitable to the personality, beliefs, and the self-motivation of the entrepreneur.

Keywords: entrepreneur; career planning; high income; career path; technical vocational education training (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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