Content Variation and Potential Runoff Loss Risk of Nutrients in Surface Water of Saline-Alkali Paddy in Response to the Application of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Types

Jiao Lyu, Xinyi Wang, Shengnan Hou, Anwar Zeb, Hui Zhu and Yingying Xu ()
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Jiao Lyu: Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
Xinyi Wang: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
Shengnan Hou: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
Anwar Zeb: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
Hui Zhu: Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
Yingying Xu: Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-16

Abstract: As the saline-alkali paddy area continues to grow, the nutrient (e.g., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) runoff loss is becoming more serious in the world. The N-fertilizer application affects the nutrient runoff loss risk in paddy. Selecting suitable fertilizer types to reduce nutrient loss is beneficial to agricultural sustainability. However, the effects of N-fertilizer application in saline-alkali paddy are not clear. This study measured the N and P concentration of surface water in saline-alkali paddy, using various N—fertilizer treatments (i.e., urea (U), urea with urease—nitrification inhibitors (UI), organic–inorganic compound fertilizer (OCF), carbon—based slow—release fertilizer (CSF), and no N fertilization (CK)). Based on the structural equation model, both phosphate (PO 4 3− -P) and total−P (TP) concentrations had a positive influence on total-N (TN) concentration regardless of N−fertilizer types applied. Potential risks of ammonia—N (NH 4 + —N) and nitrate—N (NO 3 − —N) runoff losses were reduced in UI treatment, but the TN and TP losses were increased. At the panicle-initiation fertilizer stage, the NO 3 − −N, TN, and TP concentrations in CSF and OCF treatments were lower than U. The CSF application can control the TP runoff loss risk during the rice-growing season. UI should not be suggested for the control of nutrient runoff loss in saline-alkali paddy.

Keywords: saline-alkaline paddy; nitrogen fertilizer; nitrogen forms; runoff loss risk; phosphorus loss (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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