A Study of Treatment of Reactive Red 45 Dye by Advanced Oxidation Processes and Toxicity Evaluation Using Bioassays

Muhammad Imran Kanjal, Majid Muneer (), Muhammad Asghar Jamal, Tanveer Hussain Bokhari, Abdul Wahid, Shafqat Ullah, Abdeltif Amrane (), Amina Hadadi, Hichem Tahraoui and Lotfi Mouni
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Muhammad Imran Kanjal: Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Majid Muneer: Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Asghar Jamal: Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Tanveer Hussain Bokhari: Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Abdul Wahid: Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 59000, Pakistan
Shafqat Ullah: Pakistan Meteorological Department, Multan 59000, Pakistan
Abdeltif Amrane: Univ Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR—UMR6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
Amina Hadadi: Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Natural Resources and Quality Assurance, SNVST Faculty, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University, Bouira 10000, Algeria
Hichem Tahraoui: Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena (LBMTP), University Yahia Fares, Médéa 26000, Algeria
Lotfi Mouni: Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Natural Resources and Quality Assurance, SNVST Faculty, Akli Mohand Oulhadj University, Bouira 10000, Algeria

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-15

Abstract: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) hold great promise to degrade and detoxify industrial-based effluents. The Reactive Red 45 dye aqueous solutions were treated with AOP using UV and gamma radiation alone and then in the presence of H 2 O 2 . The dye initial concentration, UV exposure time, and gamma-ray absorbed dose were optimized for maximum degradation. The degradation of dye was 88.85% and 77.7% using UV/H 2 O 2 (1 mL/L) at a UV exposure time of 180 min for 50 mg/L and 100 mg/L, respectively. The degradation was noted as 100% and 93.82% as the solutions were subjected to a gamma/H 2 O 2 (1 mL/L) absorbed dose of 2 kGy. The chemical oxygen demand was reduced to 77% and 85% by treating the dye samples with UV/H 2 O 2 and gamma/H 2 O 2 , respectively. The removal efficiency (G-value), dose constant (k), D 0.50 , D 0.90 , and D 0.99 for gamma-irradiated samples were also calculated. The reduction in toxicity for treated samples was monitored by using the Allium cepa , Hemolytic, and brine shrimp ( Artemia salina ) tests while the Ames test was performed for mutagenic assessment. The A. cepa test showed 39.13%, 36.36%, and 47.82% increases in root length (RL), root count (RC), and mitotic index (MI), respectively, in UV/H 2 O 2 -treated samples while 48.78%, 48.14%, and 57.14% increases were shown with gamma-ray in conjunction with H 2 O 2 . The hemolytic test showed 21.25% and 23.21% hemolysis after UV/H 2 O 2 and gamma/H 2 O 2 treatments, respectively. The brine shrimp ( Artemia salina ) test showed 84.09% and 90.90% decreases in the nauplii death after UV/H 2 O 2 and gamma/H 2 O 2 treatments, respectively. The mutagenicity of UV/H 2 O 2 -treated solutions was reduced up to 84.41% and 77.87%, while it was 87.83% and 80.88% using gamma/H 2 O 2 using TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains, respectively. The advanced oxidation processes based on UV and gamma radiation in conjunction with H 2 O 2 can be applied for the degradation and detoxification of textile waste effluents efficiently.

Keywords: gamma radiation; UV radiation; cytotoxicity; Reactive Red 45 dye; advanced oxidation process (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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