Mitigation of Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice–Wheat Cropping Systems with Sub-Surface Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Water-Saving Irrigation

Yam Kanta Gaihre (), Wendie D. Bible, Upendra Singh, Joaquin Sanabria and Khagendra Raj Baral
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Yam Kanta Gaihre: International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661, USA
Wendie D. Bible: International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661, USA
Upendra Singh: International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661, USA
Joaquin Sanabria: International Fertilizer Development Center, Muscle Shoals, AL 35661, USA
Khagendra Raj Baral: Agri-Environment Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 15, issue 9, 1-12

Abstract: Management of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation can play a critical role to increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). However, the impacts of N application at the root zone via urea briquette deep placement (UDP) and water-saving irrigation alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on N 2 O emissions are not well-understood. A greenhouse study was conducted to investigate the impacts of UDP on N 2 O emissions, NUE, and grain yields of rice and wheat compared with broadcast prilled urea (PU). For rice, the effect of UDP was evaluated under continuous flooding (CF) and AWD, while the control (no N) and PU were tested only under CF. In rice, UDP under CF irrigation produced similar emissions to PU-CF, but UDP under AWD irrigation increased emissions by 4.5-fold compared with UDP under CF. UDP under CF irrigation increased ( p < 0.05) rice grain yields and N recovery efficiency (RE) by 26% and 124% compared with PU-CF, respectively. In wheat, UDP had no effects ( p > 0.05) on emissions compared with PU. However, it produced higher wheat grain yields (9%) and RE (35%) over PU. In conclusion, UDP under CF irrigation increases the RE and grain yields of rice without increasing N 2 O emissions, but the yield may reduce and N 2 O emissions may increase under AWD.

Keywords: greenhouse gas emissions; nitrous oxide; nitrogen recovery efficiency; urea deep placement; rice–wheat systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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