Long-Term Forecasting of Air Pollution Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Analysis of Influencing Factors

Yuyi Zhang, Qiushi Sun, Jing Liu and Ovanes Petrosian ()
Additional contact information
Yuyi Zhang: Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
Qiushi Sun: Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
Jing Liu: Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
Ovanes Petrosian: Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia

Sustainability, 2023, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-18

Abstract: Long-term forecasting and analysis of PM2.5, a significant air pollution source, is vital for environmental governance and sustainable development. We evaluated 10 machine learning and deep learning models using PM2.5 concentration data along with environmental variables. Employing explainable AI (XAI) technology facilitated explainability and formed the basis for factor analysis. At a 30-day forecasting horizon, ensemble learning surpassed deep learning in performance, with CatBoost emerging as the top-performing model. For forecasting horizons of 90 and 180 days, Bi-SLTM and Bi-GRU, respectively, exhibited the highest performance. Through an analysis of influencing factors by SHAP, it was observed that PM10 exerted the greatest impact on PM2.5 forecasting. However, this effect was particularly pronounced at higher concentrations of CO. Conversely, at lower CO concentrations, the impact of increased PM10 concentrations on PM2.5 was limited. Hence, it can be inferred that CO plays a pivotal role in driving these effects. Following CO, factors such as “dew point” and “temperature” were identified as influential. These factors exhibited varying levels of linear correlation with PM2.5, with temperature showing a negative correlation, while PM10, CO, and dew point generally demonstrated positive correlations with PM2.5.

Keywords: PM2.5 forecasting; explainable AI; influencing factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/1/19/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/1/19/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2023:i:1:p:19-:d:1303016

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().