Electrokinetic Remediation in Marine Sediment: A Review and a Bibliometric Analysis

Nunziatina Porcino (), Francesca Crisafi, Maurizio Catalfamo, Renata Denaro and Francesco Smedile ()
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Nunziatina Porcino: Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP)—CNR, 98122 Messina, Italy
Francesca Crisafi: Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP)—CNR, 98122 Messina, Italy
Maurizio Catalfamo: National Research Council—CNR, 98122 Messina, Italy
Renata Denaro: Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Via Salaria km 29, 300, Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy
Francesco Smedile: Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP)—CNR, 98122 Messina, Italy

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 11, 1-18

Abstract: Daily industrial activities pose a significant risk of environmental contamination through the release of toxic chemicals, including heavy metals, radionuclides and organic pollutants. Coastal marine areas, estuaries and harbors serve as primary hotspots for such pollution, with marine sediments acting as the ultimate sink for industrial and urban discharges, posing a serious environmental problem. Addressing this pressing issue requires the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies for the remediation and recovery of contaminated marine sediments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different approaches for the remediation of contaminated sediments, focusing on the principle of electrokinetic remediation, with special emphasis on the use of microorganisms. A bibliometric analysis of key articles in the field is presented to elucidate the most important findings, particularly in the marine environment. The current state-of-the-art is reported for soil and sediment remediation approaches, with the first large-scale experiments and a preliminary cost estimate reported. However, the limited information available on the applicability of these techniques in the marine environment is highlighted. The limitations and risks associated with an inadequate implementation of this technique are discussed while acknowledging the advantages it offers for in situ remediation in marine environments.

Keywords: electrokinetic remediation; marine sediment; electro-bioremediation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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