Physical Robots in Education: A Systematic Review Based on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework

Huayi Wang, Ningfeng Luo, Tong Zhou () and Shuai Yang ()
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Huayi Wang: Department of Education, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Republic of Korea
Ningfeng Luo: Department of Human Sciences, Assumption University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
Tong Zhou: Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Shuai Yang: Department of Education, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan 38428, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 12, 1-24

Abstract: Driven by the wave of artificial intelligence, the educational practice and application of robots have become increasingly common. Despite extensive coverage in the literature on various aspects of educational robots, there are still unexplored avenues, particularly regarding robotic support, robotic personality, and challenges in their applications. This study presented a systematic review of high-quality empirical research on the use of physical robots in educational settings. A total of 92 relevant papers from the Web of Science database were analyzed. Employing the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) framework, we investigated research questions across seven components, including the learning domain, teaching strategy, robot types, learning results, problems with using robots, robotic support, and robotic personality. The findings revealed that robots are most prevalently employed in language learning applications. When opting for teaching strategies, educators tend to favor those that incorporate physical interaction. Concurrently, humanoid robots emerge as the preferred choice among many. These robots, in human–robot interaction scenarios, often exhibit an agreeable personality. In terms of evaluating learning results, cognitive aspects like thinking, creativity, self-regulation, and inquiry ability are especially emphasized. Such results are frequently influenced by the informational and emotional support provided by robots. Nonetheless, challenges encountered by teachers, learners, and robots in this process are not to be overlooked. The findings of this study contributed to future applications of robotics in education.

Keywords: physical robot; education; technological pedagogical content knowledge framework; robotic personality; robotic support; challenges (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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