The Resilience of the Built Environment to Flooding: The Case of Alappuzha District in the South Indian State of Kerala

Afeef Abdurahman Choorapulakkal (), Muhammed Gbolahan Madandola, Amina Al-Kandari, Raffaello Furlan (), Goze Bayram and Hassan Abdelgadir Ahmed Mohamed
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Afeef Abdurahman Choorapulakkal: Department of Architecture and Urban Planning (DAUP), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Muhammed Gbolahan Madandola: Department of Architecture and Urban Planning (DAUP), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Amina Al-Kandari: Department of Architecture and Urban Planning (DAUP), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Raffaello Furlan: Department of Architecture and Urban Planning (DAUP), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Goze Bayram: Department of Architecture and Urban Planning (DAUP), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
Hassan Abdelgadir Ahmed Mohamed: Department of Architecture and Urban Planning (DAUP), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 12, 1-23

Abstract: In recent years, floods and climate-induced cataclysms have caused significant annual damage to livelihoods worldwide, with limited research on their vulnerability, impact, resilience, and long-term adaptation strategies in developing countries. In the South Indian State of Kerala, the major flood in 2018 caused immense economic losses in the low-lying and densely populated Alappuzha District. While the region has a heightened risk of periodic flooding, the considerable destruction of buildings and infrastructure highlights the need for effective solutions for flood resilience in the existing housing stock and new construction. In this context, this study examines flood resilience in the built environment of Alappuzha, focusing on flood vulnerability, building practices, and potential approaches suitable for the region that the current literature does not address. This study employs a qualitative research approach to understand current trends in adaptation strategies and the influencing socioeconomic and cultural factors. The study employs various data collection methods, including interviews, site observations, and content analyses of existing government reports, journal articles, and popular media sources. The findings indicate that although there are three types of established flood resilience techniques (static elevated, floating, and amphibious structures), their suitability for the low-lying areas of Alappuzha depends on the geographic, climatic, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts. Stilted houses have become the most common construction method, in response to climatic and socioeconomic conditions. In addition, the findings highlight the bounce-forth resilience quality of amphibious building techniques and suggest further exploration by integrating them with local technologies and materials. The study concludes that a comprehensive approach is needed that integrates traditional and modern knowledge and practices in disaster risk reduction and management to enhance the resilience of the built environment to flooding.

Keywords: flood resilience; housing stock; construction methods; urban flood vulnerability; climate change adaptation; Alappuzha (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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