Synthesis of Sulfur-Grafted Chitosan Biopolymers and Improvement to Their Sorption of Silver Ions from Different Aqueous Solutions

Mohammed F. Hamza (), Gehan A. El-Habibi, Adel A.-H. Abdel-Rahman (), Mahmoud S. Khalafalla, Hamada H. Amer, Amr Fouda, Mahmoud A. Swelim, Waheed M. Salem () and Saly R. El Dakkony
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Mohammed F. Hamza: School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
Gehan A. El-Habibi: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
Adel A.-H. Abdel-Rahman: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
Mahmoud S. Khalafalla: Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El-Maadi, Cairo 4710030, Egypt
Hamada H. Amer: Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
Amr Fouda: Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
Mahmoud A. Swelim: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shibin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
Waheed M. Salem: Medical Labs Department, Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 6131567, Egypt
Saly R. El Dakkony: Egyptian Mineral Resources Authority, Cairo 11517, Egypt

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 13, 1-22

Abstract: A functionalized chitosan thiourea composite (CH-TU) was successfully synthesized using formaldehyde as a crosslinking agent for enhancing silver recovery from different aqueous solutions. Comparison sorption studies with a non-functionalized composite (CH-F) as a reference material were conducted. Grafting led to an improvement in the sorption performances, i.e., 0.763 mmol Ag g −1 for CH-F vs. 2.125 mmol Ag g −1 for CH-TU. The pseudo-first-order rate equation (PFORE) was fitted to the sorption kinetics at saturation times of 40 and 30 min for CH-F and CH-TU, respectively, while the sorption isotherms were fitted with Langmuir and Sips equations for both sorbents. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), nitrogen sorption–desorption isotherms (BET-surface area), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pH of the zero charge (pH pzc ) were used to characterize and investigate the sorption mechanism. Sorption was performed three times to check the reproducibility, while the sorption performances were stable over 20 cycles, with a limited decrease in performance (5 and 3% for CH-F and CH-TU, respectively). Nitric acid solution (0.3 M) was efficient for desorbing the adsorbed metal ions. The grafted sorbent with thiourea is considered as a promising tool for recovering Ag(I) from acidic waste leachate derived from waste spent films.

Keywords: sulfur-functionalized chitosan composite; silver sorption; enhancing selectivity; spent film (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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