Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System to Accelerate a Sustainable Energy Transition in Johor, Malaysia

Pei Juan Yew, Deepak Chaulagain, Noel Ngando Same, Jaebum Park, Jeong-Ok Lim and Jeung-Soo Huh ()
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Pei Juan Yew: Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Deepak Chaulagain: Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
Noel Ngando Same: Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
Jaebum Park: Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
Jeong-Ok Lim: Regional Leading Research Center for Net-Zero Carbon Smart Energy System, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea
Jeung-Soo Huh: Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 17, 1-24

Abstract: As the world’s second-largest palm oil producer, Malaysia heavily depends on its extensive oil palm cultivation, which accounts for nearly 90% of the country’s lignocellulosic biomass waste. Approximately 20–22 tonnes of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) can be derived from an initial yield of 100 tonnes of fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) from oil palm trees. The average annual amount of EFBs produced in Johor is 3233 tonnes per day. Recognising that urban areas contribute significantly to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and to support Malaysia’s transition from fossil fuel-based energy to a low-carbon energy system, this research employed HOMER Pro software 3.18.3 to develop an optimal hybrid renewable energy system integrating solar and biomass (EFB) energy sources in Johor, Malaysia. The most cost-effective system (solar–biomass) consists of 4075 kW solar photovoltaics, a 2100 kW biomass gasifier, 9363 battery units and 1939 kW converters. This configuration results in a total net present cost (NPC) of USD 44,596,990 and a levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of USD 0.2364/kWh. This system satisfies the residential load demand via 6,020,427 kWh (64.7%) of solar-based and 3,286,257 kWh (35.3%) of biomass-based electricity production, with an annual surplus of 2,613,329 kWh (28.1%). The minimal percentages of unmet electric load and capacity shortage, both <0.1%, indicate that all systems can meet the power demand. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the economic viability and technical feasibility of powering the Kulai district with a solar–biomass system.

Keywords: hybrid renewable energy system; Malaysia; solar energy; biomass; oil palm; HOMER (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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