People Category of UN SDGs 2030 and Sustainable Economic Growth in Asia and the Pacific Region

Muhammad Sajjad Ashraf, Farhan Ahmed (), Shazia Kousar, Paulo Ferreira and Dora Maria Fortes de Almeida
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Muhammad Sajjad Ashraf: Department of Management Sciences, DHA Suffa University, Karachi 75500, Pakistan
Farhan Ahmed: Department of Economics & Management Sciences, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
Shazia Kousar: Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Dora Maria Fortes de Almeida: VALORIZA—Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 18, 1-23

Abstract: This study investigated the impact of the people category of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on sustainable and conventional economic growth in Asia and the Pacific region, using a sample of 52 selected countries between 2000 and 2023. Employing two distinct models, model A1 for conventional economic growth and model A2 for sustainable economic growth, we explained the relationships between five SDG indicators: employed poverty rate, stunted children, expenditure on health, expenditure of education, and % of women MNAs on economic growth. This study employed a fixed-effect model and random-effect model to investigate the impact of the people category SDGs on traditional and sustainable economic growth. The comparative analysis of each SDG in both models revealed valuable insights. SDG 1, “employed poverty rate”, has a positive impact on economic growth in both models, while SDG 2, “percentage of stunted child”, did not significantly influence economic growth in either model. Moreover, SDG 3 and SDG 4, relating to “government’s health expenditure per capita” and “government’s Education education expenditure per capita”, respectively, exhibited a positive impact on traditional and sustainable economic growth. Conversely, SDG 5, “percentage of women members of national parliament”, displayed an insignificant impact on traditional and sustainable economic growth models. In conclusion, this study suggests that policymakers should prioritize targeted interventions to alleviate employed poverty, enhance healthcare, and boost education spending. Moreover, promoting women’s representation in national parliaments should be approached with context-specific strategies to maximize its impact on economic growth.

Keywords: people; employed poverty; stunted children; government expenditure on health and education; women members of parliament (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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