Development Path of Macao Tourism Symbiosis Integration from the Configuration Perspective

Xianke Li, Johnny Fat Iam Lam, Zhicong Lin and Chongyan Li ()
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Xianke Li: School of Economics and Management, Guangzhou College of Applied Science and Technology, Guangzhou 511370, China
Johnny Fat Iam Lam: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China
Zhicong Lin: Department of Public Administration, Party School of the Meizhou Committee of CPC, Meizhou 514071, China
Chongyan Li: Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao 999078, China

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 19, 1-16

Abstract: The concept of symbiotic and integrated development represents the adaptive response of Macao tourism to the necessity of diversified development. It is the inevitable path for Macao tourism to achieve high-quality sustainable development. In accordance with the principles of the symbiosis theory, this paper presents an analytical framework and employs Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to examine the intricate causal processes that simultaneously influence the symbiosis integration development of Macao tourism. The results of the empirical test demonstrate that: (1) The development of Macao tourism symbiosis and integration is influenced by five factors: external policy (EP), regional integration (RI), new digital technology (DT), gaming industry (GI), and cultural element (CE); (2) There are three configuration paths for Macao’s tourism symbiosis, integration, and high-quality development, including an industrial synergy mode, innovation-leading mode, and value-sharing mode; (3) There are two configuration paths formed by the non-high-quality symbiotic integration of Macao tourism, namely, the government absence type and the market failure type; (4) RI and GI are the core conditions for the symbiotic and integrated development of Macao tourism, and there is a certain substitution relationship between EP, DT, and CE. This study advances the academic understanding of the asymmetric causal relationship between various factors and the symbiotic integration of tourism. It enhances the application of the symbiotic theory in the practise of tourism and reveals differences in the path of Macao tourism development under the combination of multiple factors. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the Macao government to optimise the tourism spatial layout and enhance tourism sustainability, build a multi-level “tourism+” symbiotic industrial structure, and establish a modern tourism governance system.

Keywords: Macao tourism; Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA); symbiosis integration; high-quality development; sustainable development; QCA (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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