Comparative Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnets: Virgin Production versus Recycling

Yaxuan Yang, Min Liu, Peihong Zhu, Ke Gao, Yueheng Xuan, Qingmei Lu, Yue Ding, Baoguo Zhang and Ming Yue ()
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Yaxuan Yang: Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Min Liu: Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Peihong Zhu: Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Ke Gao: Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Yueheng Xuan: School of Software, Dalian University of Foreign Languages, Dalian 116044, China
Qingmei Lu: Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Yue Ding: Hangzhou Kede Magnetic Components Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311500, China
Baoguo Zhang: Hangzhou Kede Magnetic Components Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311500, China
Ming Yue: Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 19, 1-14

Abstract: Conducting a comprehensive analysis of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost is critical for quantifying environmental impacts and estimating production costs associated with new production methods. Therefore, the life cycle assessment and life cycle cost of 1 kg bonded Nd-Fe-B magnetic powder produced by different production methods from “cradle to gate” are studied in this study. The results indicate that recycling is more advantageous than direct production in both environmental and economic terms. Specifically, the endpoint impact categories for 1 kg of bonded Nd-Fe-B powder produced by various methods reveal that recycling and regeneration reduce the environmental impact by 42%, 41%, and 42% compared to direct production in the categories of Human Health, Ecosystem Diversity, and Resource Availability, respectively. Additionally, in terms of life cycle cost, recycling yields savings of 47% and 32% compared to direct production in the internal and external life cycle cost, respectively. The results demonstrate that the environmentally friendly and cost-reducing method of recycling and regeneration points out a pathway for transforming the industrial structure of bonded Nd-Fe-B magnetic powder.

Keywords: life cycle assessment (LCA); life cycle costing (LCC); Recipe 2016 method; Simapro; bonded Nd-Fe-B magnet waste (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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