Material Transformation Analysis of Mosques in Herat Old City, Afghanistan

Ghulam Mohammad Asim (), Abdul Saboor Haidari, Asadullah Hanif, Taha Aawar, Frishta Akbari, Hariwa Wahiz, Fareshta Suroush and Mozhgan Shahbazi
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Ghulam Mohammad Asim: Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Aza-Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Nakagami gun, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
Abdul Saboor Haidari: Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Engineering, Herat University, Herat City 3001, Afghanistan
Asadullah Hanif: Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Engineering, Herat University, Herat City 3001, Afghanistan
Taha Aawar: Independent Researcher, 10117 Berlin, Germany
Frishta Akbari: Graduate School of Development, University of Central Asia, Bishkek 720001, Kyrgyzstan
Hariwa Wahiz: Graduate School of Development, University of Central Asia, Bishkek 720001, Kyrgyzstan
Fareshta Suroush: Graduate School of Development, University of Central Asia, Bishkek 720001, Kyrgyzstan
Mozhgan Shahbazi: Graduate School of Development, University of Central Asia, Bishkek 720001, Kyrgyzstan

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 19, 1-24

Abstract: This study aimed to find out the distribution, destructions, developments, transformations, and processes of changes of mosques after WWII in Herat Old City, which is a medieval city still preserved and standing. One hundred and eight mosques were constructed, 2 of them were demolished, and 106 still exist. Twenty-eight are modern mosques, and 80 are traditional. Twenty-two out of 80 are preserved, 56 have been transformed, and 2 were damaged, or demolished. Modern mosques are mainly located in the second and fourth quarters, while traditional mosques are distributed in all four quarters. The transformation started in the 1950s after WWII, continued in the 1970s, 1990s, and 2000s, and has occurred in all four quarters, slightly higher in the second and fourth quarters. Through a field survey, data were collected, findings were combined, unified, and plotted on the map, and the mosques were categorized based on building material.

Keywords: constructions material; transformation; modification; vernacular architecture; traditional mosques; Herat Old City; Afghanistan (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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