Designing a Bidirectional Power Flow Control Mechanism for Integrated EVs in PV-Based Grid Systems Supporting Onboard AC Charging

Puja Bharti Km, Haroon Ashfaq, Rajeev Kumar () and Rajveer Singh
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Puja Bharti Km: Electrical Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
Haroon Ashfaq: Electrical Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
Rajeev Kumar: Electrical Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
Rajveer Singh: Electrical Engineering Department, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 20, 1-27

Abstract: This paper investigates the potential use of Electric Vehicles (EVs) to enhance power grid stability through their energy storage and grid-support capabilities. By providing auxiliary services such as spinning reserves and voltage control, EVs can significantly impact power quality metrics. The increasing energy consumption and the global imperative to address climate change have positioned EVs as a viable solution for sustainable transportation. Despite the challenges posed by their variable energy demands and rising numbers, the integration of a smart grid environment with smart charging and discharging protocols presents a promising avenue. Such an environment could seamlessly integrate a large fleet of EVs into the national grid, thereby optimizing load profiles, balancing supply and demand, regulating voltage, and reducing energy generation costs. This study examines the large-scale adoption of EVs and its implications for the power grid, with a focus on State of Charge (SOC) estimation, charging times, station availability, and various charging methods. Through simulations of integrated EV–PV charging profiles, the paper presents a lookup-table-based data estimation approach to assess the impact on power demand and voltage profiles. The findings include multiple charging scenarios and the development of an optimal control unit designed to mitigate the potential adverse effects of widespread EV adoption.

Keywords: bidirectional power flow; grid integration; load factor; voltage sag; MATLAB/simulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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