How to Evaluate the Operating Performance of Mid-Deep Geothermal Heat Pump Systems (MD-GHPs): A Study on a Multistage Evaluation Index System

Chenwei Peng, Jiewen Deng (), Sishi Li, Xiaochao Guo, Yangyang Su, Yanhui Wang, Wenbo Qiang, Minghui Ma, Qingpeng Wei, Hui Zhang and Donglin Xie
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Chenwei Peng: Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
Jiewen Deng: Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
Sishi Li: Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Xiaochao Guo: Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Yangyang Su: Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
Yanhui Wang: Hubei Key Laboratory of Multi-media Pollution Cooperative Control in Yangtze Basin, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
Wenbo Qiang: Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Minghui Ma: School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
Qingpeng Wei: Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Hui Zhang: Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Donglin Xie: Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 22, 1-29

Abstract: Mid-deep geothermal heat pump systems (MD-GHPs) use mid-deep borehole heat exchangers (MDBHEs) to extract heat from the geothermal energy at a depth of 2–3 km, and have been used for space heating in China over the last decade. This paper proposes a comprehensive and multilevel evaluation-index system to analyze and evaluate the energy performance of MD-GHPs. The multilevel evaluation index system consists of a target layer, a criterion layer, and an index layer, where the criterion layer is subdivided into six aspects and the index layer includes 26 specific indices, reflecting the geothermal resources, heat transfer performance of the MDBHEs, energy efficiency of the heat pump systems, building space heating demand, grid dynamic response capability, and energy-saving and economic benefits. Then, based on both expert survey results and case study data, the entropy weight method and the analytic hierarchy process are integrated to determine indicator weight coefficients among the multilevel evaluation indices, comprehensively considering both subjective and objective analyses. Furthermore, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is conducted to integrate these weighted indices into a multi-criteria evaluation of MD-GHP performance. Finally, the proposed method was applied to evaluate the practical performance of four projects, returning scores of 61.56, 58.33, 72.73, and 78.41. These evaluations enable an overall assessment of the energy performance of MD-GHPs, reflecting the technical weaknesses and offering optimization guidance for system design and operation.

Keywords: mid-deep borehole heat exchangers; heat pumps systems; multistage evaluation index system; entropy weight method; analytic hierarchy process (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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